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Android使用AudioRecord录制PCM音频、PCM转AAC、使用MediaRecorder直接录制AAC编码音频

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Android为我们提供了两个音频处理的API:AudioRecordMediaRecorder

AudioRecord:偏底层的api
MediaRecorder:对AudioRecord进行包装的api

一、使用AudioRecord录制pcm编码的音频

  • 首先需要录音权限,API>=6.0还需要动态申请 (动态申请权限代码略过,详情见文末源码)
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />

二、录制主要分为一下几步

  • 创建AudioRecord
  • 设置参数
    • 录音来源
    • 采样率
    • 录制的声道
    • 数据格式
    • 录制的缓冲区大小
  • 开启一个线程读取音频数据

创建一个AduioRecord工具类

public class AudioRecordUtil {

    //设置音频采样率,44100是目前的标准,但是某些设备仍然支持22050,16000,11025
    private final int sampleRateInHz = 44100;
    //设置音频的录制的声道CHANNEL_IN_STEREO为双声道,CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO为单声道
    private final int channelConfig = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO;
    //音频数据格式:PCM 16位每个样本。保证设备支持。PCM 8位每个样本。不一定能得到设备支持。
    private final int audioFormat = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
    //录制状态
    private boolean recorderState = true;
    private byte[] buffer;
    private AudioRecord audioRecord;
    private static AudioRecordUtil audioRecordUtil = new AudioRecordUtil();

    public static AudioRecordUtil getInstance() {
        return audioRecordUtil;
    }

    private AudioRecordUtil() {
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        int recordMinBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, channelConfig, audioFormat);
        //指定 AudioRecord 缓冲区大小
        buffer = new byte[recordMinBufferSize];
        //根据录音参数构造AudioRecord实体对象
        audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfig,
                audioFormat, recordMinBufferSize);
    }

    /**
     * 开始录制
     */
    public void start() {
        if (audioRecord.getState() == AudioRecord.RECORDSTATE_STOPPED) {
            recorderState = true;
            audioRecord.startRecording();
            new RecordThread().start();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 停止录制
     */
    public void stop() {
        recorderState = false;
        if (audioRecord.getState() == AudioRecord.RECORDSTATE_RECORDING) {
            audioRecord.stop();
        }
        audioRecord.release();
    }

    private class RecordThread extends Thread {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (recorderState) {
                int read = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
                if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != read) {
                    //获取到的pcm数据就是buffer了
                    Log.d("TAG", String.valueOf(buffer.length));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

启动录音

 AudioRecordUtil.getInstance().start();

停止录音

 AudioRecordUtil.getInstance().stop();

在子线程中读取到的buffer数据就是音频数据了,还是比较简单的

三、PCM的音频原数据已经获取到了,现在就对他进行AAC编码

  • 编码器的采样率必须与录制的时候保持一致
public class PCMEncoderAAC {

    //比特率
    private final static int KEY_BIT_RATE = 96000;
    //读取数据的最大字节数
    private final static int KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE = 1024 * 1024;
    //声道数
    private final static int CHANNEL_COUNT = 2;
    private MediaCodec mediaCodec;
    private ByteBuffer[] encodeInputBuffers;
    private ByteBuffer[] encodeOutputBuffers;
    private MediaCodec.BufferInfo encodeBufferInfo;
    private EncoderListener encoderListener;

    public PCMEncoderAAC(int sampleRate, EncoderListener encoderListener) {
        this.encoderListener = encoderListener;
        init(sampleRate);
    }

    /**
     * 初始化AAC编码器
     */
    private void init(int sampleRate) {
        try {
            //参数对应-> mime type、采样率、声道数
            MediaFormat encodeFormat = MediaFormat.createAudioFormat(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC,
                    sampleRate, CHANNEL_COUNT);
            //比特率
            encodeFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, KEY_BIT_RATE);
            encodeFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_AAC_PROFILE, MediaCodecInfo.CodecProfileLevel.AACObjectLC);
            encodeFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE, KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE);
            mediaCodec = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC);
            mediaCodec.configure(encodeFormat, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        mediaCodec.start();
        encodeInputBuffers = mediaCodec.getInputBuffers();
        encodeOutputBuffers = mediaCodec.getOutputBuffers();
        encodeBufferInfo = new MediaCodec.BufferInfo();
    }

    /**
     * @param data
     */
    public void encodeData(byte[] data) {
        //dequeueInputBuffer(time)需要传入一个时间值,-1表示一直等待,0表示不等待有可能会丢帧,其他表示等待多少毫秒
        //获取输入缓存的index
        int inputIndex = mediaCodec.dequeueInputBuffer(-1);
        if (inputIndex >= 0) {
            ByteBuffer inputByteBuf = encodeInputBuffers[inputIndex];
            inputByteBuf.clear();
            //添加数据
            inputByteBuf.put(data);
            //限制ByteBuffer的访问长度
            inputByteBuf.limit(data.length);
            //把输入缓存塞回去给MediaCodec
            mediaCodec.queueInputBuffer(inputIndex, 0, data.length, 0, 0);
        }
        //获取输出缓存的index
        int outputIndex = mediaCodec.dequeueOutputBuffer(encodeBufferInfo, 0);
        while (outputIndex >= 0) {
            //获取缓存信息的长度
            int byteBufSize = encodeBufferInfo.size;
            //添加ADTS头部后的长度
            int bytePacketSize = byteBufSize + 7;
            //拿到输出Buffer
            ByteBuffer outPutBuf = encodeOutputBuffers[outputIndex];
            outPutBuf.position(encodeBufferInfo.offset);
            outPutBuf.limit(encodeBufferInfo.offset + encodeBufferInfo.size);

            byte[] aacData = new byte[bytePacketSize];
            //添加ADTS头部
            addADTStoPacket(aacData, bytePacketSize);
            /*
            get(byte[] dst,int offset,int length):ByteBuffer从position位置开始读,读取length个byte,并写入dst下
            标从offset到offset + length的区域
             */
            outPutBuf.get(aacData, 7, byteBufSize);
            outPutBuf.position(encodeBufferInfo.offset);

            //编码成功
            if (encoderListener != null) {
                encoderListener.encodeAAC(aacData);
            }
            
            //释放
            mediaCodec.releaseOutputBuffer(outputIndex, false);
            outputIndex = mediaCodec.dequeueOutputBuffer(encodeBufferInfo, 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 添加ADTS头
     */
    private void addADTStoPacket(byte[] packet, int packetLen) {
        // AAC LC
        int profile = 2;
        // 44.1KHz
        int freqIdx = 4;
        // CPE
        int chanCfg = 2;
        // fill in ADTS data
        packet[0] = (byte) 0xFF;
        packet[1] = (byte) 0xF9;
        packet[2] = (byte) (((profile - 1) << 6) + (freqIdx << 2) + (chanCfg >> 2));
        packet[3] = (byte) (((chanCfg & 3) << 6) + (packetLen >> 11));
        packet[4] = (byte) ((packetLen & 0x7FF) >> 3);
        packet[5] = (byte) (((packetLen & 7) << 5) + 0x1F);
        packet[6] = (byte) 0xFC;
    }

    public interface EncoderListener {
        void encodeAAC(byte[] data);
    }
}

使用只需要在上面拿到pcm数据的那里调用encodeData()方法即可

  • 初始化AudioRecordUtil时也同时将编码器初始化好
private PCMEncoderAAC pcmEncoderAAC;

private void init() {
	//....
    //初始化编码器
    pcmEncoderAAC = new PCMEncoderAAC(sampleRateInHz, this);
}

@Override
public void encodeAAC(byte[] data) {
    Log.d("TAG", "AAC数据长度:" + data.length);
}
  • 开始编码
private class RecordThread extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (recorderState) {
            int read = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
            if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != read) {
                //获取到的pcm数据就是buffer了
                Log.d("TAG", String.valueOf(buffer.length));
                pcmEncoderAAC.encodeData(buffer);
            }
        }
    }
}

四、将编码好的音频数据写入文件中

  • 创建的文件输出流

private FileOutputStream fileOutputStream;

private void init() {
    //...
    try {
        fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File(App.getAppContext().getExternalCacheDir(), "test.aac"));
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

@Override
public void encodeAAC(byte[] data) {
    Log.d("TAG", "AAC数据长度:" + data.length);
    try {
        fileOutputStream.write(data);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

生成的文件

五、 使用MediaRecorder直接录制AAC编码的音频到文件中

  • 这种录制方式就简单许多了
public class MediaRecordUtil {
    
    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;
    private static MediaRecordUtil mediaRecordUtil = new MediaRecordUtil();

    public static MediaRecordUtil getInstance() {
        return mediaRecordUtil;
    }

    private MediaRecordUtil() {
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
        //配置采集方式,这里用的是麦克风的采集方式
        mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
        //配置输出方式,这里用的是AAC
        mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.AAC_ADTS);
        //配置采样频率,频率越高月接近原始声音,Android所有设备都支持的采样频率为44100
        mediaRecorder.setAudioSamplingRate(44100);
        //配置文件的编码格式,AAC是比较通用的编码格式
        mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
        //配置码率,这里一般通用的是96000
        mediaRecorder.setAudioEncodingBitRate(96000);
        //配置录音文件的位置
        String path = App.getAppContext().getExternalCacheDir() + "/audio.aac";
        mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(path);
    }

    /**
     * 开始录制
     */
    public void start() {
        try {
            mediaRecorder.prepare();
            mediaRecorder.start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 停止录制
     */
    public void stop() {
        mediaRecorder.stop();
    }

}

启动录音

 MediaRecordUtil.getInstance().start();

停止录音

 MediaRecordUtil.getInstance().stop();

生成的文件

六、使用MediaRecorder可以很方便的直接将音频流写入到文件中,那么如果我们需要像AudioRecord那样获取到实时的音频流需要怎么弄呢?

  • setOutputFile()的值传递为一个FileDescriptor文件描述符
  • 然后开启子线程去读取文件描述符的数据 就是音频流数据了
public class MediaRecordUtil {

    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;
    private static MediaRecordUtil mediaRecordUtil = new MediaRecordUtil();
    private ParcelFileDescriptor parcelWrite;
    private DataInputStream inputStream;
    private boolean recorderState;


    public static MediaRecordUtil getInstance() {
        return mediaRecordUtil;
    }

    private MediaRecordUtil() {
        intPipLine();
        init();
    }

    private void intPipLine() {
        try {
            ParcelFileDescriptor[] parcelFileDescriptors = ParcelFileDescriptor.createPipe();
            ParcelFileDescriptor parcelRead = new ParcelFileDescriptor(parcelFileDescriptors[0]);
            parcelWrite = new ParcelFileDescriptor(parcelFileDescriptors[1]);
            inputStream = new DataInputStream(new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(parcelRead));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void init() {
        mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
        //....
        //设置获取音频流的方式
        mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(parcelWrite.getFileDescriptor());
    }

    private class RecordThread extends Thread {
        private byte[] buffer = new byte[900];

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (recorderState) {
                try {
                    int read = inputStream.read(buffer);
                    if (read != -1) {
                        byte[] data = Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, 0, read);
                        Log.e("TAG", "获取到的音频数据:" + data.length);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 开始录制
     */
    public void start() {
        try {
            recorderState = true;
            new RecordThread().start();
            mediaRecorder.prepare();
            mediaRecorder.start();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 停止录制
     */
    public void stop() {
        recorderState = false;
        mediaRecorder.stop();
    }

}

Demo 下载地址


转载:https://blog.csdn.net/a_zhon/article/details/104578057
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