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初识vue里的路由

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提示:本文主要对Vue的路由简单功能使用进行简单的使用总结


前言

提示:这里可以添加本文要记录的大概内容:

本文主要对Vue的路由简单功能使用进行简单的使用总结


提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容

一、相关理解

1.1 vue-router的理解

  • vue 的一个插件库,专门用来实现SPA 应用

1.2 对SPA应用的理解

1、单页 Web 应用(single page web application,SPA)
2、整个应用只有一个完整的页面
3、点击页面中的导航链接不会刷新页面,只会做页面的局部更新
4、数据需要通过ajax请求获取

1.3 对路由的理解

1、什么是路由?

	(1)、一个路由就是一组映射关系(key - value)
	(2)、key 为路径,value 可能是 function 或 componen
	
2、路由分类

		后端路由:
			理解:value 是 function,用于处理客户端提交的请求
			工作过程:服务器接收到一个请求时,根据请求路径找到匹配的函数来处理请求,返回响应数据
	
		前端路由:
			理解:value 是 component,用于展示页面内容
			工作过程:当浏览器的路径改变时,对应的组件就会显示

二、基本路由

2.1 基本使用

下载vue-router:npm i vue-router

src/router/index.js:

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../components/Home'
import About from '../components/About'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
   
    routes:[
        {
   
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
   
            path:'/home',
            component:Home
        }
    ]
})


 

src/main.js:

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import router from './router'

Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(VueRouter)

new Vue({
   
    el:"#app",
    render: h => h(App),
    router
})

src/App.vue:

<template>
	<div>
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
				<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
			</div>
		</div>
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
				<div class="list-group">
					<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
					<!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
					<a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
					
					<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about"> 							About
    				</router-link>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
                        Home
    				</router-link>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div class="col-xs-6">
				<div class="panel">
					<div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
						<router-view></router-view>
					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
   
		name:'App',
	}
</script>


 

src/components/Home.vue:

<template>
  <h2>我是Home组件的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'Home'
    }
</script>

src/components/About.vue:

<template>
  <h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'About'
    }
</script>

2.2 总结

使用步骤:

1、安装vue-router,命令:npm i vue-router

2、应用插件:Vue.use(VueRouter)

3、编写router配置项:

//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入Luyou 组件
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'

//创建router实例对象,去管理一组一组的路由规则
const router = new VueRouter({
   
	routes:[
		{
   
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
   
			path:'/home',
			component:Home
		}
	]
})

//暴露router
export default router

 

4、实现切换( active-class可配置高亮样式):

<router-link active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>

5、指定展示位:<router-view></router-view>

三、几个注意事项

1、路由组件通常存放在pages文件夹,一般组件通常存放在components文件夹

比如上一节的案例就可以修改为:

src/pages/Home.vue:

<template>
  <h2>我是Home组件的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'Home'
    }
</script>

src/pages/About.vue:

<template>
  <h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'About'
    }
</script>

src/router/index.js:

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
   
    routes:[
        {
   
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
   
            path:'/home',
            component:Home
        }
    ]
})


 

src/components/Banner.vue:

<template>
    <div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
        <div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'Banner'
    }
</script>

src/App.vue:

<template>
    	<div>
    		<div class="row">
    			<Banner/>
    		</div>
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
    				<div class="list-group">
    					<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
    					<!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
    					<a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
					<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">
                        About
    				</router-link>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
                        Home
    				</router-link>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div class="col-xs-6">
				<div class="panel">
					<div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
						<router-view></router-view>
					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
	export default {
   
		name:'App',
		components:{
   Banner}
	}
</script>


 

2、通过切换,“隐藏”了的路由组件,默认是被销毁掉的,需要的时候再去挂载

3、每个组件都有自己的$route属性,里面存储着自己的路由信息

4、整个应用只有一个router,可以通过组件的$router属性获取到

四、多级路由

4.1 基本实现

src/pages/Home.vue:

<template>
    <div>
        <h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news"> 
                        News
    				</router-link>
				</li>
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">
                        Message
    				</router-link>
				</li>
			</ul>
			<router-view></router-view>
		</div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'Home'
    }
</script>


 

src/pages/News.vue:

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>news001</li>
        <li>news002</li>
        <li>news003</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'News'
    }
</script>

src/pages/Message.vue:

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <a href="/message1">message001</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="/message2">message002</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="/message/3">message003</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        </li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'News'
    }
</script>


 

src/router/index.js:

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
   
    routes:[
        {
   
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
   
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
   
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
   
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})


 

效果:

4.2 总结

1、配置路由规则,使用children配置项:

routes:[
	{
   
		path:'/about',
		component:About,
	},
	{
   
		path:'/home',
		component:Home,
		children:[ //通过children配置子级路由
			{
   
				path:'news', //此处一定不要写:/news
				component:News
			},
			{
   
				path:'message', //此处一定不要写:/message
				component:Message
			}
		]
	}
]


 

2、跳转(要写完整路径):<router-link to="/home/news">News</router-link>

五、 路由的query参数

src/router.index.js:

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'


//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
   
    routes:[
        {
   
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
   
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
   
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
   
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    children:[
                        {
   
                            path:'detail',
                            component:Detail
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})


 

src/pages/Detail.vue:

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>消息编号:{
   {
   $route.query.id}}</li>
        <li>消息标题:{
   {
   $route.query.title}}</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'Detail'
    }
</script>

src/pages/Message.vue:

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
                <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
                    {
   {
   m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
                <router-link :to="{
   
                    path:'/home/message/detail',
                    query:{
   
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {
   {
   m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'News',
        data(){
   
            return{
   
                messageList:[
                    {
   id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {
   id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {
   id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>


 

效果:

总结:
1、传递参数:

<!-- 跳转并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail?id=666&title=你好">跳转</router-link>
				
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
   
	path:'/home/message/detail',
	query:{
   
		id:666,
        title:'你好'
	}
}">跳转</router-link>

2、接收参数:

$route.query.id
$route.query.title

六、 命名路由

src/router/index.js:

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'


//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
   
    routes:[
        {
   
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
   
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
   
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
   
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    children:[
                        {
   
                            //name配置项为路由命名
                            name:'xiangqing',
                            path:'detail',
                            component:Detail
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})


 

src/pages/Message.vue:

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
                <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
                    {
   {
   m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
                <router-link :to="{
   
                    //使用name进行跳转
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    query:{
   
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {
   {
   m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'News',
        data(){
   
            return{
   
                messageList:[
                    {
   id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {
   id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {
   id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>


 

总结:
命名路由:

	1、作用:可以简化路由的跳转

	2、如何使用:

	(1)给路由命名:
	(2)简化跳转:

(1)给路由命名:

{
   
	path:'/demo',
	component:Demo,
	children:[
		{
   
			path:'test',
			component:Test,
			children:[
				{
   
                    name:'hello' //给路由命名
					path:'welcome',
					component:Hello,
				}
			]
		}
	]
}

 

(2)简化跳转:

<!--简化前,需要写完整的路径 -->
<router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转</router-link>

<!--简化后,直接通过名字跳转 -->
<router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转</router-link>

<!--简化写法配合传递参数 -->
<router-link 
	:to="{
   
		name:'hello',
		query:{
   
		    id:666,
            title:'你好'
		}
	}"
>跳转</router-link>


 

七、 路由的params参数

src/router/index.js:

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'


//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
   
    routes:[
        {
   
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
   
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
   
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
   
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    children:[
                        {
   
                            name:'xiangqing',
                            path:'detail/:id/:title',//使用占位符声明接收params参数
                            component:Detail
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})


 

src/pages/Message.vue:

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数,to的字符串写法 -->
                <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">
                    {
   {
   m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

                <!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数,to的对象写法 -->
                <router-link :to="{
   
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    params:{
   
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {
   {
   m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'News',
        data(){
   
            return{
   
                messageList:[
                    {
   id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {
   id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {
   id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>


 

src/pages/Detail.vue:

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>消息编号:{
   {
   $route.params.id}}</li>
        <li>消息标题:{
   {
   $route.params.title}}</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
   
        name:'Detail'
    }
</script>

总结:
1、配置路由,声明接收params参数:

{
   
	path:'/home',
	component:Home,
	children:[
		{
   
			path:'news',
			component:News
		},
		{
   
			component:Message,
			children:[
				{
   
					name:'xiangqing',
					path:'detail/:id/:title', //使用占位符声明接收params参数
					component:Detail
				}
			]
		}
	]
}


 

2、传递参数:

<!-- 跳转并携带params参数,to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转</router-link>
				
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数,to的对象写法 -->
<router-link 
	:to="{
   
		name:'xiangqing',
		params:{
   
		   id:666,
            title:'你好'
		}
	}"
>跳转</router-link>

特别注意:路由携带params参数时,若使用to的对象写法,则不能使用path配置项,必须使用name配置!

3、接收参数:

$route.params.id
$route.params.title


转载:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40733968/article/details/125292756
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