讲给Android程序员看的前端系列教程(40集免费视频教程+源码)
版权声明
- 本文原创作者：谷哥的小弟
- 作者博客地址：http://blog.csdn.net/lfdfhl
JSON概述
JavaScript Object Notation(JavaScript 对象表示法)简称JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于ECMAScript的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式，但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯（包括C、C++、C#、Java、JavaScript、Perl、Python等）。这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。 易于人阅读和编写，同时也易于机器解析和生成(一般用于提升网络传输速率)。SON 比 XML 更小、更快，更易解析，所以从Web API和服务端编程语言到NoSQL数据库和客户端框架，都在广泛使用JSON。在不同平台间传递数据方面，JSON已成为XML强有力的替代者。
JSON语法基础
在开发中经常使用JSON保存或传递数据，现对其详细介绍。
语法如下：
{键1:值1,键2:值2,键3:值3,.....}
概述如下：
- JSON数据以大括号{ }表示
- 在大括号{ }中以键值对的形式表示数据，各键值对之间以逗号,隔开。其中，键是字符串类型；值是数字、字符串、Boolean值、数组、对象、null中任意一种。
- 在大括号{ }中各键值对是无序的
示例如下：
{"name":"lucy","age":18}
JSON在JavaScript中的应用
JSON格式在众多主流语言中均有广泛的应用，例如：将JSON字符串转换为对象。在开发过程中我们要注意：JSON只是一种格式而不是对象，不存在所谓的JSON对象。JSON只有字符串形式，就是我们常说的JSON字符串即以键值对和JSON数组形式的字符串。当JSON字符串被转换为Java对象是就是Java对象，当JSON字符串被转换为JavaScript对象时，就是JavaScript对象。
JavaScript对象转JSON字符串
使用JSON.stringify( )方法将JavaScript对象转为JSON字符串
示例如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- 本文作者：谷哥的小弟-->
<!-- 博客地址：https://blog.csdn.net/lfdfhl-->
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>JSON</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var student1={name:"lilei",age:15,height:170.5,isLoveLife:true};
var jsonData1=JSON.stringify(student1);
//{"name":"lilei","age":15,"height":170.5,"isLoveLife":true}
console.log(jsonData1);
//skill是一个数组
var student2={name:"lilei",age:15,height:170.5,isLoveLife:true, skills:["Java","JavaScript","MySQL"]};
var jsonData2=JSON.stringify(student2);
//{"name":"lilei","age":15,"height":170.5,"isLoveLife":true,"skills":["Java","JavaScript","MySQL"]}
console.log(jsonData2);
//homeAddress是一个对象
var address={country:"China",province:"sichuang",city:"chengdu",street:"pingan road"};
var student3={name:"lilei",age:15,height:170.5,isLoveLife:true, homeAddress:address,skills:["Java","JavaScript","MySQL"]};
var jsonData3=JSON.stringify(student3);
//{"name":"lilei","age":15,"height":170.5,"isLoveLife":true,"homeAddress":{"country":"China","province":"sichuang","city":"chengdu","street":"pingan road"},"skills":["Java","JavaScript","MySQL"]}
console.log(jsonData3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
结果如下：
JSON字符串转JavaScript对象
使用JSON.parse( )方法将JSON字符串转为JavaScript对象
示例如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- 本文作者：谷哥的小弟-->
<!-- 博客地址：https://blog.csdn.net/lfdfhl-->
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>JSON</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var student;
var student1={name:"lilei",age:15,height:170.5,isLoveLife:true};
var jsonData1=JSON.stringify(student1);
student=JSON.parse(jsonData1);
console.log(student.name);
console.log(student.age);
console.log(student.isLoveLife);
console.log("------------------------------");
var student2={name:"lilei",age:15,height:170.5,isLoveLife:true, skills:["Java","JavaScript","MySQL"]};
var jsonData2=JSON.stringify(student2);
student=JSON.parse(jsonData2);
console.log(student.name);
console.log(student.age);
console.log(student.isLoveLife);
var skillsArray=student.skills;
console.log(skillsArray);
for(var i=0;i<skillsArray.length;i++){
console.log(skillsArray[i]);
}
console.log("------------------------------");
var address={country:"China",province:"sichuang",city:"chengdu",street:"pingan road"};
var student3={name:"lilei",age:15,height:170.5,isLoveLife:true, homeAddress:address,skills:["Java","JavaScript","MySQL"]};
var jsonData3=JSON.stringify(student3);
student=JSON.parse(jsonData3);
console.log(student.name);
console.log(student.age);
console.log(student.isLoveLife);
var skillsArray=student.skills;
console.log(skillsArray);
for(var i=0;i<skillsArray.length;i++){
console.log(skillsArray[i]);
}
var addressObject=student.homeAddress;
console.log(addressObject);
console.log(addressObject.country);
console.log(addressObject.province);
console.log(addressObject.city);
console.log(addressObject.street);
</script>
</body>
</html>
结果如下：
JSON实战
在此，我们利用公开的API发起网络请求获取数据并对其进行解析。
示例如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- 本文作者：谷哥的小弟-->
<!-- 博客地址：https://blog.csdn.net/lfdfhl-->
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>JSON</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
//第一步：创建所需的对象
var httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest();
//第二步：打开连接
httpRequest.open('GET','https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast?q=Beijing,cn&appid=800f49846586c3ba6e7052cfc89af16c', true);
//第三步：发送请求
httpRequest.send();
//第四步：处理结果
httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (httpRequest.readyState == 4 && httpRequest.status == 200) {
var weatherJSON = httpRequest.responseText;
console.log(weatherJSON);
var weatherObject = JSON.parse(weatherJSON);
var weather = weatherObject.list[0].weather[0].main;
var time = weatherObject.list[0].dt_txt;
console.log(weather);
console.log(time);
}
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
数据如下：
{
"cod": "200",
"message": 0.0068,
"cnt": 40,
"list": [{
"dt": 1568775600,
"main": {
"temp": 297.49,
"temp_min": 293.6,
"temp_max": 297.49,
"pressure": 1028.47,
"sea_level": 1028.47,
"grnd_level": 973.29,
"humidity": 27,
"temp_kf": 3.89
},
"weather": [{
"id": 800,
"main": "Clear",
"description": "clear sky",
"icon": "01d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 0
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.77,
"deg": 158.679
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 03:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568786400,
"main": {
"temp": 298.32,
"temp_min": 295.4,
"temp_max": 298.32,
"pressure": 1024.88,
"sea_level": 1024.88,
"grnd_level": 970.37,
"humidity": 27,
"temp_kf": 2.92
},
"weather": [{
"id": 800,
"main": "Clear",
"description": "clear sky",
"icon": "01d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 0
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.85,
"deg": 151.647
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 06:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568797200,
"main": {
"temp": 295.18,
"temp_min": 293.236,
"temp_max": 295.18,
"pressure": 1023.67,
"sea_level": 1023.67,
"grnd_level": 969.47,
"humidity": 38,
"temp_kf": 1.94
},
"weather": [{
"id": 800,
"main": "Clear",
"description": "clear sky",
"icon": "01d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 4
},
"wind": {
"speed": 2.2,
"deg": 182.819
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 09:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568808000,
"main": {
"temp": 288.6,
"temp_min": 287.624,
"temp_max": 288.6,
"pressure": 1025,
"sea_level": 1025,
"grnd_level": 970.07,
"humidity": 52,
"temp_kf": 0.97
},
"weather": [{
"id": 802,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "scattered clouds",
"icon": "03n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 45
},
"wind": {
"speed": 2.23,
"deg": 254.819
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 12:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568818800,
"main": {
"temp": 286.976,
"temp_min": 286.976,
"temp_max": 286.976,
"pressure": 1024.24,
"sea_level": 1024.24,
"grnd_level": 969.18,
"humidity": 56,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 803,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "broken clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 66
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.55,
"deg": 259.672
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 15:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568829600,
"main": {
"temp": 286.548,
"temp_min": 286.548,
"temp_max": 286.548,
"pressure": 1023.99,
"sea_level": 1023.99,
"grnd_level": 968.85,
"humidity": 56,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 803,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "broken clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 83
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.44,
"deg": 292.459
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 18:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568840400,
"main": {
"temp": 285.1,
"temp_min": 285.1,
"temp_max": 285.1,
"pressure": 1022.99,
"sea_level": 1022.99,
"grnd_level": 967.89,
"humidity": 61,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.22,
"deg": 92.131
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-18 21:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568851200,
"main": {
"temp": 289.746,
"temp_min": 289.746,
"temp_max": 289.746,
"pressure": 1022.72,
"sea_level": 1022.72,
"grnd_level": 967.93,
"humidity": 46,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.75,
"deg": 124.477
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 00:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568862000,
"main": {
"temp": 293.154,
"temp_min": 293.154,
"temp_max": 293.154,
"pressure": 1021.18,
"sea_level": 1021.18,
"grnd_level": 966.96,
"humidity": 41,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.89,
"deg": 149.617
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 03:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568872800,
"main": {
"temp": 294.5,
"temp_min": 294.5,
"temp_max": 294.5,
"pressure": 1018.24,
"sea_level": 1018.24,
"grnd_level": 964.51,
"humidity": 43,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.49,
"deg": 146.994
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 06:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568883600,
"main": {
"temp": 293.607,
"temp_min": 293.607,
"temp_max": 293.607,
"pressure": 1016.57,
"sea_level": 1016.57,
"grnd_level": 962.99,
"humidity": 55,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.04,
"deg": 146.709
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 09:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568894400,
"main": {
"temp": 289.7,
"temp_min": 289.7,
"temp_max": 289.7,
"pressure": 1018.51,
"sea_level": 1018.51,
"grnd_level": 963.99,
"humidity": 66,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.09,
"deg": 259.319
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 12:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568905200,
"main": {
"temp": 288.42,
"temp_min": 288.42,
"temp_max": 288.42,
"pressure": 1017.59,
"sea_level": 1017.59,
"grnd_level": 962.96,
"humidity": 67,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.08,
"deg": 309.806
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 15:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568916000,
"main": {
"temp": 288.3,
"temp_min": 288.3,
"temp_max": 288.3,
"pressure": 1016.62,
"sea_level": 1016.62,
"grnd_level": 962.03,
"humidity": 67,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.46,
"deg": 308.718
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 18:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568926800,
"main": {
"temp": 288.914,
"temp_min": 288.914,
"temp_max": 288.914,
"pressure": 1016.51,
"sea_level": 1016.51,
"grnd_level": 961.95,
"humidity": 63,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.6,
"deg": 32.259
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-19 21:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568937600,
"main": {
"temp": 291.043,
"temp_min": 291.043,
"temp_max": 291.043,
"pressure": 1017.65,
"sea_level": 1017.65,
"grnd_level": 963.6,
"humidity": 58,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.5,
"deg": 200.722
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 00:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568948400,
"main": {
"temp": 295.213,
"temp_min": 295.213,
"temp_max": 295.213,
"pressure": 1017.07,
"sea_level": 1017.07,
"grnd_level": 963.41,
"humidity": 41,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 3.03,
"deg": 265.007
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 03:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568959200,
"main": {
"temp": 297.3,
"temp_min": 297.3,
"temp_max": 297.3,
"pressure": 1016.19,
"sea_level": 1016.19,
"grnd_level": 962.09,
"humidity": 31,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 97
},
"wind": {
"speed": 2.22,
"deg": 210.822
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 06:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568970000,
"main": {
"temp": 295.7,
"temp_min": 295.7,
"temp_max": 295.7,
"pressure": 1016.5,
"sea_level": 1016.5,
"grnd_level": 962.07,
"humidity": 41,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.31,
"deg": 170.566
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 09:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568980800,
"main": {
"temp": 291,
"temp_min": 291,
"temp_max": 291,
"pressure": 1018.39,
"sea_level": 1018.39,
"grnd_level": 963.71,
"humidity": 50,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 2.13,
"deg": 253.177
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 12:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1568991600,
"main": {
"temp": 288.9,
"temp_min": 288.9,
"temp_max": 288.9,
"pressure": 1019.73,
"sea_level": 1019.73,
"grnd_level": 964.81,
"humidity": 58,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.26,
"deg": 281.194
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 15:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1569002400,
"main": {
"temp": 287.921,
"temp_min": 287.921,
"temp_max": 287.921,
"pressure": 1019.95,
"sea_level": 1019.95,
"grnd_level": 965.11,
"humidity": 65,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 804,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "overcast clouds",
"icon": "04n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 100
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.06,
"deg": 345.415
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 18:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1569013200,
"main": {
"temp": 287.339,
"temp_min": 287.339,
"temp_max": 287.339,
"pressure": 1020.6,
"sea_level": 1020.6,
"grnd_level": 965.69,
"humidity": 67,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 801,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "few clouds",
"icon": "02n"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 22
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.32,
"deg": 305.195
},
"sys": {
"pod": "n"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-20 21:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1569024000,
"main": {
"temp": 292.314,
"temp_min": 292.314,
"temp_max": 292.314,
"pressure": 1021.83,
"sea_level": 1021.83,
"grnd_level": 967.08,
"humidity": 51,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 801,
"main": "Clouds",
"description": "few clouds",
"icon": "02d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 12
},
"wind": {
"speed": 0.77,
"deg": 324.28
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-21 00:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1569034800,
"main": {
"temp": 297.2,
"temp_min": 297.2,
"temp_max": 297.2,
"pressure": 1020.99,
"sea_level": 1020.99,
"grnd_level": 966.75,
"humidity": 37,
"temp_kf": 0
},
"weather": [{
"id": 800,
"main": "Clear",
"description": "clear sky",
"icon": "01d"
}],
"clouds": {
"all": 0
},
"wind": {
"speed": 1.57,
"deg": 77.91
},
"sys": {
"pod": "d"
},
"dt_txt": "2019-09-21 03:00:00"
}, {
"dt": 1569045600,
"main": {
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}],
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},
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"sunrise": 1568757453,
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}
}
结果如下：
转载：https://blog.csdn.net/lfdfhl/article/details/100938299
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