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Spring Cloud 微服务架构搭建

2020-04-01 15:16 385人阅读  评论(0)

快速入门微服务框架 Spring Cloud，构建一个可用的基于 Spring Cloud 的微服务工程。

本 Chat 你将会获得以下在工作中常用 Spring Cloud 组件：

  1. Spring Cloud Netflix Eureka 服务注册与发现中心
  2. Spring Cloud Netflix Ribbon 服务负载均衡调用
  3. Spring Cloud Netflix Feign 声明式服务调用
  4. Spring Cloud Netflix Hystrix 熔断器
  5. Spring Cloud Netflix Zuul 路由网关
  6. Spring Cloud Config 服务分布式配置中心
  7. Spring Cloud Zipkin 服务链路追踪
  8. Spring Boot Admin 服务监控

@TOC

开发环境

  • JDK Version：1.8 +
  • Maven Version：3.6 +
  • IDE：IntelliJ IDEA

服务规划

服务名称 服务端口 服务说明
hello-spring-cloud-config 8888 分布式配置中心
hello-spring-cloud-eureka 8000 服务注册与发现中心
hello-spring-cloud-provider 8100 服务提供者
hello-spring-cloud-consumer 8200 服务消费者，集成 Ribbon + Feign + Hystrix
hello-spring-cloud-zuul 8300 分布式服务路由网关
hello-spring-cloud-zipkin 8400 分布式服务链路追踪
hello-spring-cloud-admin 8500 分布式服务监控

创建项目

准备工作

  • 创建目录 hello-spring-cloud
  • 使用 Intellij IDEA 打开目录 hello-spring-cloud

统一依赖管理

介绍

Spring Cloud 项目都是基于 Spring Boot 进行开发，目前大部分公司都会使用 Maven 来构建管理项目，所以在实际开发中，一般都会创建一个 Maven 依赖管理项目作为 Parent 项目，这样的话可以很方便对项目中的 Jar 包版本进行统一管理。

在项目下创建目录 hello-spring-cloud-dependencies

服务结构预览创建 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>    <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>  </parent>  <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  <packaging>pom</packaging>  <properties>    <!-- Environment Settings Begin -->    <java.version>1.8</java.version>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>    <!-- Environment Settings End -->    <!-- Spring Settings Begin-->    <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>    <sprin-cloud-zipkin.version>2.10.1</sprin-cloud-zipkin.version>    <spring-cloud-admin.version>2.0.1</spring-cloud-admin.version>    <!-- Spring Settings End-->  </properties>  <dependencyManagement>    <dependencies>      <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>        <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>        <type>pom</type>        <scope>import</scope>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>        <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>        <version>${sprin-cloud-zipkin.version}</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>        <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>        <version>${sprin-cloud-zipkin.version}</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>        <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>        <version>${sprin-cloud-zipkin.version}</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>        <version>${spring-cloud-admin.version}</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>        <version>${spring-cloud-admin.version}</version>      </dependency>      <!-- Spring Cloud End -->    </dependencies>  </dependencyManagement>  <build>    <plugins>      <!-- Compiler 插件, 设定 JDK 版本 -->      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>        </configuration>      </plugin>      <!-- 打包 jar 文件时，配置 manifest 文件，加入 lib 包的 jar 依赖 -->      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <archive>            <addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>          </archive>        </configuration>        <executions>          <execution>            <configuration>              <archive>                <manifest>                  <!-- Add directory entries -->                  <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>                  <addDefaultSpecificationEntries>true</addDefaultSpecificationEntries>                  <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>                </manifest>              </archive>            </configuration>          </execution>        </executions>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>    </plugins>    <pluginManagement>      <plugins>        <!-- Java Document Generate -->        <plugin>          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>          <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>          <executions>            <execution>              <phase>prepare-package</phase>              <goals>                <goal>jar</goal>              </goals>            </execution>          </executions>        </plugin>        <!-- YUI Compressor (CSS/JS压缩) -->        <plugin>          <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>          <artifactId>yuicompressor-maven-plugin</artifactId>          <version>1.5.1</version>          <executions>            <execution>              <phase>prepare-package</phase>              <goals>                <goal>compress</goal>              </goals>            </execution>          </executions>          <configuration>            <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>            <jswarn>false</jswarn>            <nosuffix>true</nosuffix>            <linebreakpos>30000</linebreakpos>            <force>true</force>            <includes>              <include>**/*.js</include>              <include>**/*.css</include>            </includes>            <excludes>              <exclude>**/*.min.js</exclude>              <exclude>**/*.min.css</exclude>            </excludes>          </configuration>        </plugin>      </plugins>    </pluginManagement>    <!-- 资源文件配置 -->    <resources>      <resource>        <directory>src/main/java</directory>        <excludes>          <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>        </excludes>      </resource>      <resource>        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>      </resource>    </resources>  </build>  <repositories>    <repository>      <id>aliyun-repos</id>      <name>Aliyun Repository</name>      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>      <releases>        <enabled>true</enabled>      </releases>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>    <repository>      <id>sonatype-repos</id>      <name>Sonatype Repository</name>      <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public</url>      <releases>        <enabled>true</enabled>      </releases>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>    <repository>      <id>sonatype-repos-s</id>      <name>Sonatype Repository</name>      <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>      <releases>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </releases>      <snapshots>        <enabled>true</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>    <repository>      <id>spring-snapshots</id>      <name>Spring Snapshots</name>      <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>      <snapshots>        <enabled>true</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>    <repository>      <id>spring-milestones</id>      <name>Spring Milestones</name>      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>  </repositories>  <pluginRepositories>    <pluginRepository>      <id>aliyun-repos</id>      <name>Aliyun Repository</name>      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>      <releases>        <enabled>true</enabled>      </releases>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </pluginRepository>  </pluginRepositories></project>

托管为 Maven 项目

  • 打开 pom.xml
  • ctrl + r 快捷键打开全局搜索
  • 选择 Actions，搜索 Maven
  • 点击 Add as Maven Project，托管为 Maven 项目 

Eureka 服务治理中心

Eureka 介绍

Eureka 是 Spring Cloud 的组件 Spring Cloud Netflix 中的一个模块，负责完成对微服务架构的服务注册与发现功能。

Eureka 服务的三个角色

  • 服务注册发现：Eureka 提供的服务端，负责服务的注册与发现功能，一般称为 eureka server。

  • 服务提供者：提供服务的应用，将自己提供的服务注册到 Eureka，以供其他应用发现

  • 服务消费者：消费者应用从服务注册中心获取提供的服务列表， 从而使消费者可以知道去何处调用其所需要的服务

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-eureka

服务结构预览创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-eureka</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <!-- 指定入口类 -->          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.eureka.EurekaApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

以上配置主要添加依赖 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId></dependency>

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    # 指定服务名，全局唯一    name: hello-spring-cloud-eurekaserver:  # 服务端口  port: 8000eureka:  instance:    # 指定主机    hostname: localhost  client:    # 声明为 Eureka 服务端，默认为 Eureka 客户端    registerWithEureka: false    fetchRegistry: false    serviceUrl:      # 指定 Eureka 服务端网址      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/

主要添加配置

eureka:  instance:    # 指定主机    hostname: localhost  client:    # 声明为 Eureka 服务端，默认为 Eureka 客户端    registerWithEureka: false    fetchRegistry: false    serviceUrl:      # 指定 Eureka 服务端网址      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/
  • eureka.instance.hostname=localhost: 指定 eureka 主机地址
  • eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false / eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false： 声明为 Eureka 服务端，默认为 Eureka 客户端
  • eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/：指定 eureka 服务端地址

创建入口类 Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;@EnableEurekaServer@SpringBootApplicationpublic class EurekaApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableEurekaServer：开启 Eureka 服务端

启动服务并访问 Eureka 服务端，如图所示

所有向 Eureka 注册过的服务都会在该业面显示，可以看到目前并没有任何服务展示在该页面

服务提供者

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-provider

服务结构预览

创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-provider</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.provider.ProviderApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    # 服务名    name: hello-spring-cloud-providerserver:  # 端口号  port: 8100eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      #  指定 Eureka 服务端      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/

创建入口类 Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;@EnableEurekaClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ProviderApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableEurekaClient：开启 Eureka 客户端

创建 Controller 提供服务

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublic class IndexController {    @Value("${server.port}")    private String port;    @RequestMapping(value = "hi")    public String sayHi(String message) {        return "port : " + port + "，message : " + message;    }}

启动服务提供者

服务消费者

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-consumer

服务结构预览

创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-consumer</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>      <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.consumer.ConsumerApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

主要添加依赖 spring-cloud-starter-openfeign 和 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix 和 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId></dependency>

组件介绍

  • Ribbon：实现服务的负载均衡调用
  • Feign：Feign 默认集成了 Ribbon，并和 Eureka 结合，默认实现负载均衡的效果
  • Hystrix：由于网络原因或者自身的原因，当服务不可用时，Hystrix 熔断器将会被打开，为了避免连锁故障，可以创建 fallback 回调方法实现服务降级，即 fallback 方法返回一个值告知后面的请求该服务不可用了

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    # 指定服务名    name: hello-spring-cloud-consumer  # thymeleaf 相关配置  thymeleaf:    cache: false    mode: LEGACYHTML5    encoding: UTF-8    servlet:      content-type: text/htmlserver:  port: 8200eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/feign:  hystrix:    # 开启 Hystrix 功能    # Feign 中自带 Hystrix，默认是关闭的     enabled: true
  • eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/：指定 eureka 服务端

主要添加配置

feign:  hystrix:    # 开启 Hystrix 功能    # Feign 中自带 Hystrix，默认是关闭的     enabled: true
  • feign.hystrix.enabled=true：开启 Hystrix 熔断器

创建入口类 Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;@EnableHystrixDashboard@EnableFeignClients@EnableDiscoveryClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ConsumerApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableDiscoveryClient：开启扫描 Eureka 服务功能
  • @EnableFeignClients：开启 Feign 客户端
  • @EnableHystrixDashboard：开启 Hystrix 仪表盘功能

创建服务消费接口 ProviderService

import com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.consumer.service.hystrix.ProviderServiceHystrix;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;@FeignClient(value = "hello-spring-cloud-provider")public interface ProviderService {    @RequestMapping(value = "hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)    String sayHi(@RequestParam("message") String message);}

@FeignClient(value = "hello-spring-cloud-provider)"：声明调用的服务

创建服务熔断方法 ProviderServiceHystrix

如果服务调用失败，则会调用该方法实现服务降级

import com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.consumer.service.ProviderService;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class ProviderServiceHystrix implements ProviderService {    @Override    public String sayHi(String message) {        return "Hi，your message is :\"" + message + "\" but request error.";    }}

在服务消费接口 ProviderService 中配置熔断方法，否则熔断方法不会生效

@FeignClient(value = "hello-spring-cloud-provider") 修改为 @FeignClient(value = "hello-spring-cloud-provider", fallback = ProviderServiceHystrix.class)

创建熔断器仪表盘配置 HystrixDashboardConfiguration

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configurationpublic class HystrixDashboardConfiguration {    @Bean    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");        return registrationBean;    }}

创建 Controller 消费服务

import com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.consumer.service.ProviderService;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.annotation.Resource;@RestControllerpublic class ConsumerController {    @Resource    private ProviderService providerService;    @RequestMapping(value = "hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String message) {        return providerService.sayHi(message);    }}

启动服务访问 http:localhost:8200/hi?message=hellospringcloud，如图所示，会发现调用了 spring-cloud-provider 服务

Zuul 分布式服务路由网关

介绍

Zuul 的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分，比如 /api/admin 转发到到 Admin 服务，/api/member 转发到 Member 服务。Zuul 默认和 Ribbon 结合实现了负载均衡的功能。

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-zuul

服务结构预览

创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.zuul.ZuulApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

主要添加依赖 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId></dependency>

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    name: hello-spring-cloud-zuulserver:  port: 8300eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/zuul:  routes:    consumer:      # 访问 /consumer 转发到 hello-spring-cloud-consumer 服务      path: /consumer/**      serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-consumer

主要添加配置

zuul:  routes:    consumer:      # 访问 /consumer 转发到 hello-spring-cloud-consumer 服务      path: /consumer/**      serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-consumer
  • zuul.routes.consumer.path=/consumer/**
  • zuul.routes.consumer.serviceId=hello-spring-cloud-consumer：访问 /consumer 下的路径会转发到该服务 hello-spring-cloud-consumer

创建入口类 Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;@EnableZuulProxy@EnableEurekaClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ZuulApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableZuulProxy：开启 Zuul 路由代理功能

启动服务访问 http://localhost:8300/consumer/hi?message=hellospringcloud，如图所示，会发现调用了 spring-cloud-consumer 服务

Zipkin 分布式服务链路追踪

介绍

ZipKin 是一个开放源代码的分布式跟踪系统，用于收集服务的定时数据，以解决微服务架构中的延迟问题。包括数据的收集、存储、查找和展现。每个服务向 Zipkin 报告计时数据，Zipkin 会根据调用关系通过 Zipkin UI 生成依赖关系图，显示了多少跟踪请求通过每个服务。该组件可以让我们通过一个 Web 前端轻松的收集和分析数据。例如用户每次请求服务的处理时间等，可方便的监测系统中存在的瓶颈。

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-zipkin

服务结构预览创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zipkin</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>      <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>      <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>      <exclusions>        <exclusion>          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>        </exclusion>      </exclusions>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>      <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.itoken.zipkin.ZipKinApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

主要添加依赖 spring-cloud-starter-zipkin 和 zipkin 和 zipkin-server 以及 zipkin-autoconfigure-ui

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>  <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>  <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>  <exclusions>    <exclusion>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>    </exclusion>  </exclusions></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>  <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId></dependency>

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    name: hello-spring-cloud-zipkinserver:  port: 8400eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/# Zipkin 配置management:  metrics:    web:      server:        auto-time-requests: false

主要添加配置

management:  metrics:    web:      server:        auto-time-requests: false

创建入口类 Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;import zipkin.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;@EnableZipkinServer@EnableEurekaClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ZipkinApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ZipkinApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableZipkinServer：开启 Zipkin 服务端

配置 Zipkin 客户端

在所需要被追踪的服务中添加以下配置：

pom.xml

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId></dependency>

bootstrap.yml

spring:  zipkin:    base-url: http://localhost:8400

启动服务访问 http://localhost:8400，如图所示

Spring Boot Admin 分布式服务监控

介绍

随着开发周期的推移，项目会不断变大，切分出的服务也会越来越多，这时一个个的微服务构成了错综复杂的系统。对于各个微服务系统的健康状态、会话数量、并发数、服务资源、延迟等度量信息的收集就成为了一个挑战。 Spring Boot Admin 就是基于这些需求开发出的一套功能强大的监控管理系统。

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-provider

服务结构预览创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-admin</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>      <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.spring.cloud.admin.AdminApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

主要添加依赖

<dependency>  <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>  <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId></dependency>

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    name: hello-spring-cloud-adminserver:  port: 8500eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/# Admin 监控配置management:  endpoint:    health:      show-details: always  endpoints:    web:      exposure:        include: health,info

主要添加配置

management:  endpoint:    health:      show-details: always  endpoints:    web:      exposure:        include: health,info

创建入口类 Application

import de.codecentric.boot.admin.server.config.EnableAdminServer;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;@EnableAdminServer@EnableEurekaClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class AdminApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(AdminApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableAdminServer：开启 Admin 服务端

配置 Spring Boot Admin 客户端

在所需要被监控的服务中添加以下配置：

pom.xml

   <dependency>     <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>     <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>   </dependency>

bootstrap.yml

spring:  boot:    admin:      client:        url: http://localhost:8500

启动服务访问 http://localhost:8500，如图所示

Config 分布式服务配置中心

介绍

在分布式系统中，由于服务数量巨多，为了方便服务配置文件统一管理，实时更新，所以需要分布式配置中心组件。Spring Cloud Config ，它支持配置服务放在配置服务的内存中（即本地），也支持放在远程 Git 仓库中。

在项目下创建工程目录 hello-spring-cloud-config

服务结构预览

创建 pom.xml，同样托管为 Maven 项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <parent>    <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>  </parent>  <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-config</artifactId>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <dependencies>    <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Boot End -->    <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <!-- Spring Cloud End -->  </dependencies>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <mainClass>com.antoniopeng.hello.spring.cloud.config.ConfigApplication</mainClass>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build></project>

主要添加依赖

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId></dependency>

创建 bootstrap.yml

spring:  application:    name: hello-spring-cloud-config  cloud:    config:      label: master      server:        git:          uri: {uri}          search-paths: {search-paths}          username: {username}          password: {password}server:  port: 8888eureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka/

主要添加配置

spring:  cloud:    config:      label: master      server:        git:          uri: {uri}          search-paths: {search-paths}          username: {username}          password: {password}

配置说明：

  • spring.cloud.config.label：仓库访问分支
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri：仓库地址
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.search-paths：访问仓库中的路径（一般是文件夹）
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.username：仓库访问账号
  • spring.cloud.config.server.git.password：仓库访问密码

创建入口类 Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;@EnableConfigServer@EnableEurekaClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ConfigApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ConfigApplication.class, args);    }}

主要添加注解

  • @EnableConfigServer：开启 Config 配置中心服务端

配置 Config 客户端

在所需要配置的服务中添加以下配置，这里以改造 hello-srping-cloud-eureka 服务为例，其它服务同理。

  • 新建 hello-spring-cloud-eureka-dev.yml，并将 hello-srping-cloud-eureka 服务中的 bootstrap.yml 里的配置信息剪切到该文件中

  • 将 hello-spring-cloud-eureka-dev.yml 上传到你的 Git 仓库z

  • 修改 hello-srping-cloud-eureka 服务中的 bootstrap.yml

    spring:  cloud:    config:      uri: http://localhost:8888      name: hello-spring-cloud-eureka      label: master      profile: dev

  • 先后启动服务 hello-srping-cloud-config 和 hello-srping-cloud-eureka

  • 访问 Eureka 服务端

注：如果配置文件从 Config 分布式配置中心获取时，需要先启动 Config 服务端 hello-spring-cloud-config，否则会访问不到配置文件

项目源码

项目已上传至 GitHub

阅读全文: http://gitbook.cn/gitchat/activity/5d8daeb3531d0d6a1d45279a

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转载：https://blog.csdn.net/valada/article/details/101570030
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