一 前言
本篇文章需要有一定得mybatis入门基础才能学习;如果是初学者请参考以下链接进行系统学习
- mybatis入门 https://blog.csdn.net/youku1327/article/details/103339617
- mybatis初级映射 https://blog.csdn.net/youku1327/article/details/103411829
- mybatis配置 https://blog.csdn.net/youku1327/article/details/103604724
当然如果是资深读者,又没有经过系统得学习,可以直接入主本篇,带你一览动态标签使用方式;
动态SQL可以通过给定不同得条件,执行不同得SQL语句,实现动态SQL得方式就是通过mybatis提供得标签语法进行配置;
二 动态SQL标签
2.1 if 标签
- if 标签表示条件判断
- customer_name 不为空时会执行当前if标签的内容;此时的sql 语句 就是 select * from
customer
where andcustomer_name
= #{customer_name} - gender不为空时会执行if语句;此时执行的sql语句就是 select * from
customer
where 1 = 1 andgender
= #{gender} - customer_name 和 gender 标签都不为空时;此时执行的sql语句就是 select * from
customer
where andcustomer_name
= #{customer_name} andgender
= #{gender}
<select id="getCustomer" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
select
*
from `customer`
where 1=1
<if test="customer_name!=null and customer_name!='' ">
and `customer_name` = #{customer_name}
</if>
<if test="gender!=null and gender!=''">
and `gender` = #{gender}
</if>
</select>
2.2 where 标签
2.1 中我们在 where 后面使用 1=1 的操作,表示永远为真,不是一个规范的数据库操作;我们通常在select 语句的条件部分会使用 where 标签 与 if 标签 搭配使用,此时就可以消除 1=1操作带来的负面影响
<select id="getCustomer" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
select
*
from `customer`
<where>
<if test="customer_name!=null and customer_name!='' ">
and `customer_name` = #{customer_name}
</if>
<if test="gender!=null and gender!=''">
and `gender` = #{gender}
</if>
</where>
</select>
2.3 choose, when, otherwise标签
有时候需要一种场景就是 if else 形式的判断,如下示例中
- 当 customer_name 不为空 会执行 when标签体的内容;此时sql 就是 select
gender
fromcustomer
; - 当输入的条件customer_name 为空时会执行otherwise标签体的内容;此时sql就是 select * from
customer
;
<select id="getCustomer" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
select
<choose>
<when test="customer_name=!null">
`gender`
</when>
<otherwise>
*
</otherwise>
</choose>
from `customer`
</select>
2.4 trim标签
先说下trim 属性 代表的涵义
- prefix 表示前缀,就是会为 trim 标签体加一个前缀;
- prefixOverrides 表示会将匹配到的第一个字符串去除;
- suffix 表示后缀,会为 trim 标签体加一个后缀内容;
- suffixOverrides表示会将匹配到的最后一个字符串去除;
如下示例中 执行的SQL语句就是 select * from customer
where customer_name
= #{customer_name}
<select id="getCustomer" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
select
*
from `customer`
<trim prefix="where" prefixOverrides="and">
and `customer_name` = #{customer_name}
</trim>
</select>
2.5 set标签
set 标签 只有在 更新操作中能用到;如下示例中set标签会默认将最后一个多余的逗号去除;
<update id="updateCustomer" parameterType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer">
update `customer`
<set>
<if test="customer_name!=null">
`customer_name` = #{customer_name},
</if>
<if test="gender!=null">
`gender` = #{gender},
</if>
<if test="telephone!=null">
`telephone` = #{telephone},
</if>
<if test="register_time!=null">
`register_time` = #{register_time},
</if>
</set>
<where>
id = #{id}
</where>
</update>
如果所有的参数都不为空 执行的语句如下
update `customer` SET `customer_name` = ?, `gender` = ?, `telephone` = ?, `register_time` = ? WHERE id = ?
set标签此时会等效于trim标签的如下形式
<trim prefix="SET" suffixOverrides=",">
...
</trim>
2.6 foreach 标签实现in
foreach 标签属性说明如下
- collection 参数
- open 前缀
- separator 分割符
- item 迭代中取得值,当入参数是Map.Entry或者map就是其 中 得值
- index 迭代中得键,当入参数是Map.Entry或者map就是其 中 得键;若入参是组数就是索引;
<select id="getCustomerById" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
select
*
from `customer`
<where>
<if test="ids!=null">
and id in
<foreach collection="ids" open="(" separator="," item="id" index="i" close=")">
#{id}
</foreach>
</if>
</where>
</select>
最终得SQL语句执行形式如下
select * from `customer` WHERE id in ( ? , ? )
2.7 foreach标签实现批量插入
在xml中添加如下语句
<insert id="addCustomer" >
insert into `customer`(
`customer_name`,
`gender`,
`telephone`,
`register_time`
)values
<foreach collection="customers" separator="," item="customer" index="i">
(
#{customer.customer_name},
#{customer.gender},
#{customer.telephone},
#{customer.register_time}
)
</foreach>
</insert>
部分测试类如下 在 for循环中创建3 个客户对象放入List,然后执行批量插入方法
@Test
public void testInsert(){
// 获得mapper的形式
CustomerMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(CustomerMapper.class);
ArrayList<Customer> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustomer_name("知识追寻者");
customer.setGender("男");
customer.setTelephone("999"+i);
list.add(customer);
}
// 添加客户
mapper.addCustomer(list);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
最终执行得SQL语句格式如下
insert into `customer`( `customer_name`, `gender`, `telephone`, `register_time` )values ( ?, ?, ?, ? ) , ( ?, ?, ?, ? ) , ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2.8 script标签
script标签 用于 注解版本得动态SQL,官方示例如下
@Update({"<script>",
"update Author",
" <set>",
" <if test='username != null'>username=#{username},</if>",
" <if test='password != null'>password=#{password},</if>",
" <if test='email != null'>email=#{email},</if>",
" <if test='bio != null'>bio=#{bio}</if>",
" </set>",
"where id=#{id}",
"</script>"})
void updateAuthorValues(Author author);
2.9 sql , include标签
sql 标签是个sql片段,如下示例中将查询条件抽出为一个sql片段,然后使用include标签实现引用;我们要进行复用sql片段时就很有用,减少代码量;
<sql id="condition">
<where>
<if test="customer_name!=null and customer_name!='' ">
and `customer_name` = #{customer_name}
</if>
<if test="gender!=null and gender!=''">
and `gender` = #{gender}
</if>
</where>
</sql>
<select id="getCustomer" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
select
*
from `customer`
<include refid="condition">
</include>
</select>
2.10 bind标签
bind
元素可以从 OGNL 表达式中创建一个变量并将其绑定到上下文;使用bind标签好处就是在数据库替换过程中可以除去不同数据库语法得影响;如下示例中就可以实现在mysql,oracle,postgresql 中数据替换;如果使用 mysql 得concat 函数在oracle中不再适用;
<sql id="condition">
<where>
<if test="customer_name!=null and customer_name!='' ">
and customer_name like #{customer_name}
</if>
<if test="gender!=null and gender!=''">
and gender = #{gender}
</if>
</where>
</sql>
<select id="getCustomer" resultType="com.zszxz.dynamic.entity.Customer" >
<bind name="customer_name" value="'%'+customer_name+'%'"/>
select
*
from customer
<include refid="condition">
</include>
</select>
三 源码
如果是初学者,有些地方看不懂可以查阅作者得mybatis 专栏说明有源码地址,源码中每个示例都有齐全得代码提供个人学习;
转载:https://blog.csdn.net/youku1327/article/details/104170385