UDP通信特点
1)没有连接机制
2)没有应答机制
3)没有滑动窗口机制
所以是一种不可靠的通信机制
UDP编程模型
1)调用socket函数创建套接字文件描述符
2)如果要接收数据,那么要调用bind函数绑定自身的ip和端口
3)调用sendto函数发送数据(需要使用对方的ip和端口)
sendto函数
函数原型:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen);
功能就是向目标ip和端口发送数据,成功:返回发送字节数,失败:返回 -1
函数参数:
sockfd:socket函数返回的套接字文件描述符
buf:存放要发送数据的应用缓存
len:应用缓存的大小
flags:一般写0,表示为阻塞发送
dest_addr:存放目标ip和端口
addrlen:前一个变量的大小
4)调用recvfrom函数接收数据(需要使用对方的ip和端口)
recvfrom函数
函数原型:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
功能就是接收对方的数据
函数参数:
sockfd:用于通信的套接字文件描述符
buf:指向要存放获取数据的结构体变量
len:存放数据的变量的大小
flags:一般设置为0
src_addr:可以设置为指向一个存放对方ip和端口的结构体的指针,也可以设置为NULL
addrlen:存放上一个数据的大小的变量的指针,也可以设置为NULL
示例:
编写A程序,B程序,让两个程序通过UDP进行通信
A程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
int sockfd = -1; //全局变量套接字文件
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr = {0}; //全局变量用于存放对方对方的ip和端口
struct data{ //用户自定义要传输或接收的数据结构
unsigned int speed;
unsigned int accel;
unsigned int brake;
};
void print_err(char* str,int line,int err_no) //报错函数
{
printf("%d %s: %s\n",line,str,strerror(err_no));
exit(-1);
}
void* pth_fun(void* pth_arg) //次线程,用于接收数据
{
struct data car_data2 = {0}; //接收数据的结构体变量
int ret = 0;
int peeraddr_size = 0; //存放对方ip和端口的结构的大小
while(1)
{
peeraddr_size = sizeof(peeraddr);
bzero(&car_data2,sizeof(car_data2)); //清空结构体
ret = recvfrom(sockfd,(void*)&car_data2,sizeof(car_data2),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peeraddr_size);
if(ret == -1) print_err("recvfrom fail",__LINE__,errno);
else if(ret>0) //打印对方的ip和端口以及接收的数据
{
printf("peeraddr ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr));
printf("peeraddr port:%d\n",ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));
printf("car_speed = %d\n",ntohl(car_data2.speed));
printf("car_accel = %d\n",ntohl(car_data2.accel));
printf("car_brake = %d\n",ntohl(car_data2.brake));
}
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc,char** argv) //命令行输入对方的ip和端口
{
if(argc != 3)
{
printf("./UDP_A peer_ip peer_port\n");
exit(-1);
}
int ret = -1;
//创建套接字文件
sockfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(sockfd == -1) print_err("socket fail",__LINE__,errno);
//绑定套接字文件与自身的ip和端口,用于接收数据
struct sockaddr_in myaddr;
myaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
myaddr.sin_port = htons(8001);
myaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.239.129");
ret = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&myaddr,sizeof(myaddr));
if(ret == -1) print_err("bind fail",__LINE__,errno);
//创建次线程
pthread_t tid;
ret = pthread_create(&tid,NULL,pth_fun,NULL);
if(ret != 0) print_err("pthread_create fail",__LINE__,ret);
//发送数据
struct data car_data = {0};
int tmp;
while(1)
{
bzero(&car_data,sizeof(car_data)); //清空数据结构
//填充数据结构
printf("input car speed:\n");
scanf("%d",&tmp);
car_data.speed = htonl(tmp);
printf("input car accel:\n");
scanf("%d",&tmp);
car_data.accel = htonl(tmp);
printf("input car brake:\n");
scanf("%d",&tmp);
car_data.brake = htonl(tmp);
//封入对方ip和端口
peeraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
peeraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
peeraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
ret = sendto(sockfd,(void*)&car_data,sizeof(car_data),0,(struct sockaddr *)&peeraddr,sizeof(peeraddr));
if(ret == -1) print_err("sendto fail",__LINE__,errno);
}
return 0;
}
B程序:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
int sockfd = -1;
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr = {0};
struct data{
unsigned int speed;
unsigned int accel;
unsigned int brake;
};
void print_err(char* str,int line,int err_no)
{
printf("%d %s: %s\n",line,str,strerror(err_no));
exit(-1);
}
void* pth_fun(void* pth_arg)
{
struct data car_data2 = {0};
int ret = 0;
int peeraddr_size = 0;
while(1)
{
peeraddr_size = sizeof(peeraddr);
bzero(&car_data2,sizeof(car_data2));
ret = recvfrom(sockfd,(void*)&car_data2,sizeof(car_data2),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peeraddr_size);
if(ret == -1) print_err("recvfrom fail",__LINE__,errno);
else if(ret>0)
{
printf("peeraddr ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr));
printf("peeraddr port:%d\n",ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));
printf("car_speed = %d\n",ntohl(car_data2.speed));
printf("car_accel = %d\n",ntohl(car_data2.accel));
printf("car_brake = %d\n",ntohl(car_data2.brake));
}
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
if(argc != 3)
{
printf("./UDP_A peer_ip peer_port\n");
exit(-1);
}
int ret = -1;
sockfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(sockfd == -1) print_err("socket fail",__LINE__,errno);
struct sockaddr_in myaddr;
myaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
myaddr.sin_port = htons(5001);
myaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.239.128");
ret = bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&myaddr,sizeof(myaddr));
if(ret == -1) print_err("bind fail",__LINE__,errno);
pthread_t tid;
ret = pthread_create(&tid,NULL,pth_fun,NULL);
if(ret != 0) print_err("pthread_create fail",__LINE__,ret);
struct data car_data = {0};
int tmp;
while(1)
{
bzero(&car_data,sizeof(car_data));
printf("input car speed:\n");
scanf("%d",&tmp);
car_data.speed = htonl(tmp);
printf("input car accel:\n");
scanf("%d",&tmp);
car_data.accel = htonl(tmp);
printf("input car brake:\n");
scanf("%d",&tmp);
car_data.brake = htonl(tmp);
ret = sendto(sockfd,(void*)&car_data,sizeof(car_data),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,sizeof(peeraddr));
if(ret == -1) print_err("sendto fail",__LINE__,errno);
}
return 0;
}
转载:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45644911/article/details/104474812
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