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Mybatis注解开发

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Mybatis注解

Mybatis不仅可以使用XML文件的形式配置信息,更为方便的方式是使用注解。注解省去了反复的XML文件中的标签配置,大大的提高了开发效率。

Java注解

1. 单表操作

我们依然以前面的user为例来说明如何使用注解来实现单表的增删改查,此时user的信息为:

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+---------------------+------+---------+
| id | username | birthday            | sex  | address |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+---------+
| 41 | Forlogen | 2018-02-27 17:47:08 | 男   | Beijing |
| 42 | Kobe     | 2018-03-02 15:09:37 | 男   | LA      |
| 43 | James    | 2018-03-04 11:34:34 | 男   | USA     |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SqlMapConfig.xml如下所示,这里配置了前面讲到的懒加载机制:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <properties resource="jdbcConfig.properties"></properties>
    <settings>
        <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
        <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"></setting>
    </settings>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="domain"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <environments default="mysql">
        <environment id="mysql">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper class="dao.IUserDao"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

Mybatis提供了如下的注解来实现常用的数据库操作:

  • @Insert:实现新增
  • @Update:实现更新
  • @Delete:实现删除
  • @Select:实现查询
  • @Result:实现结果集封装
  • @Results:可以与@Result一起使用,封装多个结果集
  • @ResultMap:实现引用
  • @Results定义的封装
  • @One:实现一对一结果集封装
  • @Many:实现一对多结果集封装
  • @SelectProvider: 实现动态SQL映射
  • @CacheNamespace:实现注解二级缓存的使用

然后在IUserDao中添加方法,实现user表的CURD操作。由于这里使用的是注解的形式,因此我们不必再写接口对应的xml文件,也不应该写,否则测试方法将出错。

1.1 查找
public interface IUserDao {
    @Select("select * from user")
    List<User> findAll();
}
public class UserTest {
    private InputStream in;
    private SqlSessionFactory factory;
    private SqlSession session;
    private IUserDao userDao;

    @Before
    public  void init()throws Exception{
        in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
        factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
        session = factory.openSession();
        userDao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
    }

    @After
    public  void destroy()throws Exception{
        session.commit();
        session.close();
        in.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        List<User> all = userDao.findAll();
        for (User user : all) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }

执行单元测试,输出如下所示,可见它和直接使用SQL语句执行的结果是相同的。

User{id=41, username='Forlogen', address='Beijing', sex='男', birthday=Wed Feb 28 01:47:08 CST 2018}
User{id=42, username='Kobe', address='LA', sex='男', birthday=Fri Mar 02 23:09:37 CST 2018}
User{id=43, username='James', address='USA', sex='男', birthday=Sun Mar 04 19:34:34 CST 2018}
1.2 插入
public interface IUserDao {
    @Insert("insert into user(username,address,sex,birthday)values(#{username},#{address},#{sex},#{birthday})")
    void saveUser(User user);
}
@Test
    public void testSaveUser(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("Ball");
        user.setAddress("Shanghai");
        user.setSex("女");

        userDao.saveUser(user);
    }

执行单元测试后再去数据库表中看一下是否插入成功,从查询结果中可以看出插入是成功的。

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+---------------------+------+----------+
| id | username | birthday            | sex  | address  |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+----------+
| 41 | Forlogen | 2018-02-27 17:47:08 | 男   | Beijing  |
| 42 | Kobe     | 2018-03-02 15:09:37 | 男   | LA       |
| 43 | James    | 2018-03-04 11:34:34 | 男   | USA      |
| 47 | Ball     | NULL                | 女   | Shanghai |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 更新
public interface IUserDao {
    @Update("update user set username=#{username} where id=#{id}")
    void updateUser(User user);
}
 	@Test
    public void testUpdateUser(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("Amy");
        user.setId(46);
        userDao.updateUser(user);
    }

执行单元测试后再去查看表信息,如下所示,可见更新操作执行成功。

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+---------------------+------+----------+
| id | username | birthday            | sex  | address  |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+----------+
| 41 | Forlogen | 2018-02-27 17:47:08 | 男   | Beijing  |
| 42 | Kobe     | 2018-03-02 15:09:37 | 男   | LA       |
| 43 | James    | 2018-03-04 11:34:34 | 男   | USA      |
| 47 | Amy      | NULL                | 女   | Shanghai |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.4 删除
public interface IUserDao {
    @Delete("delete from user where id=#{id}")
    void deleteUser(Integer id);
}
	@Test
    public void testDeleteUser(){
        userDao.deleteUser(45);
    }

执行删除操作再查看数据库表信息,发现删除成功。

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+---------------------+------+---------+
| id | username | birthday            | sex  | address |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+---------+
| 41 | Forlogen | 2018-02-27 17:47:08 | 男   | Beijing |
| 42 | Kobe     | 2018-03-02 15:09:37 | 男   | LA      |
| 43 | James    | 2018-03-04 11:34:34 | 男   | USA     |
+----+----------+---------------------+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.5 条件查询
public interface IUserDao {
    @Select("select * from user where id=#{id}")
    User findById(Integer id);
}
	@Test
    public void testFindById(){
        User user = userDao.findById(41);
        System.out.println(user);
    }

执行单元测试,输出为:

User{id=41, username='Forlogen', address='Beijing', sex='男', birthday=Wed Feb 28 01:47:08 CST 2018}
1.6 统计查询
public interface IUserDao {
    @Select("select count(*) from user")
    int findTotal();
}
	@Test
    public void testFindTotal(){
        int total = userDao.findTotal();
        System.out.println(total);
    }

执行单元测试,输出:

3

2. 联合查询

@Results注解 代替的是标签 该注解中可以使用单个@Result注解,也可以使用@Result集合

@Results({@Result(),@Result()})或 @Results(@Result())

@Resutl注解 代替了 标签和标签 @Result 中 属性介绍:

  • id 是否是主键字段
  • column 数据库的列名
  • property需要装配的属性名
  • one 需要使用的@One注解(@Result(one=@One)()))
  • many 需要使用的@Many注解(@Result(many=@many)()))

@One注解(一对一) 代替了标签,是多表查询的关键,在注解中用来指定子查询返回单一对象。 @One注解属性介绍:

  • select 指定用来多表查询的sqlmapper

  • fetchType会覆盖全局的配置参数lazyLoadingEnabled

  • 使用格式:

@Result(column=" ",property="",one=@One(select=""))

@Many注解(多对一) 代替了标签,是是多表查询的关键,在注解中用来指定子查询返回对象集合。 注意:聚集元素用来处理“一对多”的关系。需要指定映射的Java实体类的属性,属性的javaType(一般为ArrayList)但是注注解中可以不定义; 使用格式:

@Result(property="",column="",many=@Many(select=""))

2.1 一对一映射查询

加载账户信息时并且加载该账户的用户信息。首先编写user和account表对应的实体类,然后编写持久层接口:

public interface IAccountDao {

    @Select("select * from account")
    @Results(id="accountMap", value={
            @Result(id=true,column = "id", property = "id"),
            @Result(column = "uid", property = "uid"),
            @Result(column = "money", property = "money"),
            @Result(column = "uid", property = "user", one=@One(select = "dao.IUserDao.findById", fetchType = FetchType.EAGER))

    })
    List<Account> findAll();
}
public interface IUserDao {
    @Select("select * from user")
    @Results(id="userMap",value={
            @Result(id=true,column = "id",property = "userId"),
            @Result(column = "username",property = "userName"),
            @Result(column = "address",property = "userAddress"),
            @Result(column = "sex",property = "userSex"),
            @Result(column = "birthday",property = "userBirthday"),
            @Result(property = "accounts",column = "id",
                    many = @Many(select = "dao.IAccountDao.findAccountByUid",
                            fetchType = FetchType.LAZY))
    })
    List<User> findAll();


    @Select("select * from user  where id=#{id} ")
    @ResultMap("userMap")
    User findById(Integer userId);
}

最后编写测试方法,执行单元测试。

public class AccountTest {
    private InputStream in;
    private SqlSessionFactory factory;
    private SqlSession session;
    private IAccountDao accountDao;

    @Before
    public  void init()throws Exception{
        in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
        factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
        session = factory.openSession();
        accountDao = session.getMapper(IAccountDao.class);
    }

    @After
    public void destroy()throws  Exception{
        session.commit();
        session.close();
        in.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        List<Account> accounts = accountDao.findAll();
        for(Account account : accounts){
            System.out.println("---------");
            System.out.println(account);
            System.out.println(account.getUser());
        }
    }
}

2.2 一对多映射查询

一个用户可能又多个账户,查询用户信息时,也要查询对应的账户信息。

public interface IUserDao {
    @Select("select * from user")
    @Results(id="userMap",value={
            @Result(id=true,column = "id",property = "userId"),
            @Result(column = "username",property = "userName"),
            @Result(column = "address",property = "userAddress"),
            @Result(column = "sex",property = "userSex"),
            @Result(column = "birthday",property = "userBirthday"),
            @Result(property = "accounts",column = "id",
                    many = @Many(select = "dao.IAccountDao.findAccountByUid",
                            fetchType = FetchType.LAZY))
    })
    List<User> findAll();
}
public interface IAccountDao {
    @Select("select * from account where uid = #{userId}")
    List<Account> findAccountByUid(Integer userId);
}

编写测试方法,执行单元测试:

 @Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        List<User> users = userDao.findAll();
        for(User user : users){
            System.out.println("---------");
            System.out.println(user);
            System.out.println(user.getAccounts());
        }
    }

转载:https://blog.csdn.net/Forlogen/article/details/106924407
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